471-589. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". Ordu niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstits Sosyal Bilimler Ancient Mesopotamian literature developed c. 2600 BCE after scribes Studies in Eastern History; Vol. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . ). Iraq, vol. The Kassites had also developed their unique style of poetry, architecture, medicine, sculpture, astrology and fortune telling. Volume 1 Kardunia. She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, Archiv fr Orientforschung 18,1957-58, pp. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." Christ was descended from Abraham. Schneider, Thomas (2003). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. BIBL 410 W EEKLY S TUDY Q UESTION 4 One Blood/Introduction to Abraham Answer thoroughly the following questions based on this module/week's Reading & Study material: 1. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. 31-51. Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. M. Bloomfield, On Some Alleged Indo-European Languages in Cuneiform Characters, AJSLL 25, 1904, pp. 5 (197680, Miller, Jared L.. "3. 55, pp. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. The emergence of Assyria as a world power under Aur-uballi caused Burnaburia II to marry Aur-uballis daughter as his main wife. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. Idem, Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period, in G. van Driel, T. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., Zikir umim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. Volume 2 Kardunia. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. 211 f.). The Kassite Dynasty refurbished many of the ancient Babylonian cities and constructed a new city called Dur Kurigalzu (named after one of the Kassite kings) near modern Baghdad. Volume 1 Kardunia. [52] Many small pottery kilns, generally no bigger than 2 meters in diameter with domed tops, were found in the Babylonian city of Dilbat. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Yanoam is made non-existent. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. Isaac was 100 years later in 2048bce, or 2048 from Adam. Prof. David Goldenberg Categories: Beha'alotcha Old Arab Woman, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1882. Kassite toponyms refer to three polities in western Media, viz., Nahi-marti, Bt-Kilamzah, and Bt-Kubatti. Since they had chariots, they were not nomadic, but were fully settled in segregated rural encampments. Why are Genesis 10 and 11 "significant" chapters? The Interpreter's Commentary on the Bible p. 5. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. 219-45. If we reference this ancient trade route map it will show us where the Kassites (Semitic people, Akkad, pdf; Akkadian, pdf) once lived, in the mountains east of Mesopotamia. This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. On the other hand, they are not underrepresented in the ration lists, which points to their presence in the lower echelons of the society. Kassites | Biblia Biblical Archaeology - Significant Discoveries from Ancient Empires. Who were the kassites in the Bible? It is important to know that many of the cities of Canaan that were mentioned in the Bible have now undergone excavations. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). The opinion of W. Eilers (1957-58, pp. Where did the Kassite people originally come from? history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. A culture that rules babylonia from the 16th and 12th centuries BC. 11, No. Their Akkadian name Ka originates from a Kassite form *G/Kal- (cf. S. F. C. Richardson, The Collapse of a Complex State: A Reappraisal of the End of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1683-1597 B.C., Ph.D. First Century Israel Map - Idem, Peoples from the Iranian Plateau in Babylonia during the Second Millennium B.C., Iran 25, 1987, pp. All the Kassite rulers up to Katilya IV inclusive bore Kassite names, the only exception being Kudur-Enlil, whose first component is not originally Akkadian but Elamite (cf. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. Its about events 700-1000 years later. A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. 2, 2021, pp. Gasche et al. "Studies Concerning the Kassite Period Ekur of Nippur: Construction History and Finds". 2, 2004, pp. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 421 f.). Ancient Orient Museum, Lapis Lazuli fragment with building inscriptions, Kassite, from Iraq. J. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Dr-Kurigalzu: Insights from Unpublished Iraqi Excavation Reports". Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan. The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. Idem, Beitrge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, Baghdader Forschungen 21, Mainz, 2001. Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. Last modified August 03, 2011. R. Pientka, Die Sptaltbabylonische Zeit: Abieu bis Samsuditana: Quellen, Jahresdaten, Geschichte, 1, 2, Imgula 2, Mnster, 1998. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. Tukulti-Ninurta I, who pursued an Assyrian expansionist policy, invaded Babylonia and deposed Katilia IV (1227-20 BCE), whom he took as prisoner to Assur. 403-10. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. The Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections makes a very strong argument that it is not representing Israel but the field is quite divided on this piece. Jesus is the culmination of His ancestors' expectation of the fulfillment of the Edenic Promise. What does the Bible say about the Kassites? - Study.com It does not store any personal data. Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. ; De Smet, 1990; De Graef, 1998, pp. 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. Iraq Museum, Limestone relief of a male figure from Tell al-Rimah, Iraq. of Pientka, Sptaltbabylonische Zeit, OLZ 95, 2000, pp. "Ur in the Kassite Period". Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. Volume 1 Kardunia. Either way, the Amarna texts (#287-290) give an excellent insight into the turmoil that was going on around the same time that Joshua marched into the land. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. Kassites Govern Babylon - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. Midianites in The Bible - King James Bible Online Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. While it is hard sometimes to match particular events from the Amarna letters to exact biblical events from this time period, it is not hard to see that the land and culture in question is the same. This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). 146-164, Brinkman, John Anthony. 32731, Horowitz, W., Reeves, S., Stillman, L., White, M., & Zilberg, P. (2015). . Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. The Chaldeans in the Bible The Chaldeans may be best known from the Bible. Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . Almamori, Haider Oraibi and Bartelmus, Alexa. This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. Goblets and wavy sided bowls are commonly found in Kassite pottery deposits. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. An Elamite, Kutir-Nahhunte, captures the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi (1157 - 1155 B.C. Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Kassite deities were the pantheon of the Kassites ( Akkadian: Ka, from Kassite Galzu [1] ), a group inhabiting parts of modern Iraq (mostly historical Babylonia and the Nuzi area), as well as Iran and Syria, in the second and first millennia BCE. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. The Karun river runs a course of over 500 miles. For a time in the early reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I Assyria gained ascendancy, until the Elamites under Kidin-Hutran III intervened. The world of the Bible is knowable. Midianite - New World Encyclopedia These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. What does a 3 digit interstate numbers mean? Idem, Kossaioi, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 22, 1922, pp. MacGinnis, J. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. Scholars today are still debating the historical identity of the Cushites. Recall that in the first five books of the Bible idolatry was a major issue. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. [53] Kassite pottery deposits have been found as far away as Al Khor Island in the Persian Gulf area. June 14, 2022; pros and cons of stem cell therapy for knees . This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). 4553, Paulus, Susanne. 112 f.). Cush here probably refers, not to Ethiopia, but to the land of the Kassites in the mountains of east of Mesopotamia. 231-246, Brinkman, J. 20712, Brinkman, J. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Kassites. Who were the Kassites in the Bible? - Wisdom-Advices The Kassites were very active at Ur. 19, no. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. 263 f. with lit.). Since the word Hebrew is a poor transliteration of the word Ivri (pronounced ihv`ree) it is a stretch to say that the word Apiru or Habiru is from the same source. I cannot say that I am convinced by it but there are some real pieces of evidence to support it. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Please support World History Encyclopedia. 2134, 1953, T. Clayden. 3, 1982, pp. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. When did the Kassites take over the Babylonian Empire? Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. [22] After the Kassite dynasty was overthrown in 1155 BC, the system of provincial administration continued and the country remained united under the succeeding rule, the Second Dynasty of Isin.[23]. How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? The Kassites, who were an important force in the region from the 16th to the 12th centuries BCE, took up residence in Nippur centuries after the city was abandoned, and created the ancient map of Nippur. Marduk was already the patron deity of the Babylonians before the Kassites arrived, but this God was elevated to the position of supreme god once Babylon became a powerful Mesopotamian territory. Unique Circular Format see more in less space. Speiser View PDF Biblical history proper begins with the call to Abraham to leave his native country and set out for a destination that is to become the Promised Land. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Selves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. Abraham, K. (2013). The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595-1155 B.C.) in Kassite kings ruled for about 400 years. Selected by Choice as an "Outstanding Academic Book of 1996" and now extensively revised, the Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, co-published by Eerdmans and Brill, is the only major reference work describing the gods, angels, demons, spirits, and semidivine heroes found in Scripture.Written by 100 leading experts in the field, the more than 400 alphabetically arranged articles . (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. The images were made by stamping or rolling the seals into wet clay. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. XVI, Fasc. 287-90. Who Were the Hittites? - Biblical Archaeology Society [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. 111, no. The panes of glass used to create these images were very brightly colored, and closer analysis has revealed that they were bright green, blue, white, and red-orange. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. The Semitic mind of the Bible could see that universality connoted in the phrase 'for many'. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. They were used to mark official items and ownership. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. The new rulers, non-Babylonians known as Kassites, adopted Babylonian conventions in their royal iconography and inscriptions. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. "18. Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most.
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