[2][3][4] In a declaration made on 16 June 1673 by Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, the Lord Privy Seal, in reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms the powers of the Earl Marshal were stated as being "to have power to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms, ensigns of nobility, honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances and statutes for the good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; [and] to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". Duke of Bedford (England) Duke of Buccleuch (Scotland), Duke of Queensberry (Scotland) (currently all one person) Duke of Devonshire (England) Duke of Fife (United Kingdom) Duke of Grafton (England) Duke of Hamilton (Scotland), Duke of Brandon (Great Britain) (currently all one person) Duke of Leinster (Ireland) Duke of Manchester (Great Britain) David Boyle, Viscount of Kelburn, eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow, 41. The marshal was originally responsible, along with the constable, for the monarch's horses and stables including connected military operations. The oldest six titles created between 1337 and 1386 were Duke of Cornwall (1337), Duke of Lancaster (1351), Duke of Clarence (1362), Duke of York (1385), Duke of Gloucester (1385), and Duke of Ireland (1386). The Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Argyll were for centuries among the most powerful noble families in Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Earl Marshal is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). Duke or Duchess - The Dukes were original of royal blood in England. Besides the dukedoms of Cornwall and Lancaster, the oldest extant title is that of Duke of Norfolk, dating from 1483 (the title was first created in 1397). Besides the dukedoms of Cornwall and Lancaster, the oldest extant title is that of Duke of Norfolk, dating from 1483 (the title was first created in 1397). For a more complete list, which adds these "hidden" earldoms as well as extinct, dormant, abeyant, and forfeit ones, see List of earldoms. William Murray, Viscount Stormont, eldest son of the Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield, 56. Charles Bruce, Lord Bruce, eldest son of the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, 27. Under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917 the holders of the following dukedoms, who were simultaneously British princes and members of royal and princely families of Germany, were deprived of their British titles, having sided with Germany during the First World War. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Melanie Radzicki McManus This is a list of the 190 present and extant earls in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. James Drummond, Viscount of Strathallan, eldest son of the Earl of Perth, 22. Andrew Stuart, Viscount Stuart, eldest son of the Earl Castle Stewart, 79. Michael Annesley, Viscount Glerawly, eldest son of the Earl Annesley, 76. 30 December 2020. The British monarch also holds and is entitled to the revenues of the Duchy of Lancaster, and within the borders of the County Palatine of Lancashire is by tradition saluted as "The Duke of Lancaster" even though the title is technically extinct. G.E. It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral. by R och andra bcker. In the Peerage of England, the title of Duke was created 74 times (using 40 different titles: the rest were recreations). Family seats of English baronets and gentry. John Scott, Viscount Encombe, eldest son of the Earl of Eldon, 97. Coronet of the dukes of Gloucester and of Kent. But on the afternoon of Sept. 8, 2022, Prince Charles ascended the throne and became King. Coronet of the Duke of Cornwall, Rothesay and Cambridge. The King of Anglo-Saxon England had ruled for 24 years, and yet . Benjamin Moore, Viscount Moore, eldest son of the Earl of Drogheda, 63. Edward Villiers, Lord Hyde, eldest son of the Earl of Clarendon, 55. A British or Irish duke is entitled to a coronet (a silver-gilt circlet, chased as jewelled but not actually gemmed) bearing eight conventional strawberry leaves on the rim of the circlet. He supports Her Majesty in her official duties - often alongside his wife The Countess of Wessex - as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. Francis Ronald Egerton is the 7th Duke of Sutherland and most of his wealth comes from his art collection and 12,000 acres in the Scottish Borders and East Anglia. Prince Andrew, Queen Elizabeth II's second son, was dubbed Duke of York when he married in 1986, for example. Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke of Westminster - better known as 'Hughie' - continues to dominate The Sunday Times Rich List, published 17 May. So, that dukedom is permanently out for the royals. - Vintage Photograph 1039097 - 12.79. Thomas Anson, Viscount Anson, eldest son of the Earl of Lichfield, 103. The Duke of Lancaster has merged with the Crown and so is held by the monarch. William Lindesay-Bethume, Viscount Garnock, eldest son of the Earl of Lindsay, 25. The highest-ranking royal dukedoms are Lancaster, which is held by the Sovereign, and Cornwall, which is awarded to the Sovereign's eldest son (Prince Charles is also known as the Duke of Cornwall.). As members of the Royal Family, these dukes rank higher in precedence than they would by virtue of the seniority of their dukedoms alone. This highest-ranking title was created in 1337 by King Edward III, who conferred the title Duke of Cornwall upon his oldest son. Facing page: Harold Godwinson rescues two Norman soldiers who have become mired in quicksand. Alexander Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles, eldest son of the Earl of Harewood, 92. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland. William Cunliffe-Lister, Lord Masham, eldest son of the Earl of Swinton, 134. (However Clarence has since been used as half of a double title, most recently until 1892 when Victoria's grandson (and son of the Prince of Wales), the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, died at the age of 28). Duke, in the United Kingdom, is the highest-ranking hereditary title in all five peerages of the British Isles. Current royal dukedoms. How many dukes are in England? How many earls currently exist? Jonathan Herbert, Viscount Clive, eldest son of the Earl of Powis, 86. After passing through his daughter's husband to the Earls of Norfolk, the post evolved into "Earl Marshal" and the title remained unchanged, even after the earldom of Norfolk became a dukedom. The premier duke of Scotland is the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. A grandson of Queen Victoria, who had also made him Duke of Saxe-Coburg, he found himself on the German side in World War I, lost his title in 1919 and moved into the welcoming arms of Hitler. Tobias Finch-Hatton, Viscount Maidstone, eldest son of the Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham, 9. Even the. [1] Those patents each contain the standard remainder to "heirs male of his body". Peregrine Feilding, Viscount Feilding, eldest son of the Earl of Denbigh and Desmond, 7. Lawrence Parsons, Lord Oxmantown, eldest son of the Earl of Rosse (Peerage of Ireland), 88. Earl of Gloucester (1121) Alan of Penthivre. Last edited on 18 February 2023, at 10:26, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dukes_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1140088323, Speak to as: Your Grace (formal and employees), Duke (social). Heir Apparent: Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara. Princes in the royal family typically become dukes shortly after coming of age or on their wedding day. Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, are losing their official royal residence in the United Kingdom. James Studley, Viscount Reidhaven, eldest son of the Earl of Seafield, 38. George Pelham, Lord Worsley, eldest son of the Earl of Yarborough, 108. Charles Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley, eldest son of the Earl of Snowdon, 135. None of that is remotely funny and yet the audience seems spellbound by his ramblings. The Dukes of Norfolk are very Catholic and very traditionalist, not only the Duchess of Kent is a Catholic but her sister in law Princess Michael of Kent, born Baroness von Reibnitz and Countess Szapary from the Austro-Hungarian old nobility is a Catholic as well, from the Peerage in England, around 15% of the nobility is still Catholic and in Scotland, there are plenty of catholics amongst . Winston Churchill and the. David Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse, eldest son of the Earl of Kimberley, 115. There are currently 191 earls and four countesses in their own right. Royal dukedoms - that is, those granted to members of the monarch's family - have been created since 1337, when Edward III made his eldest son Duke of Cornwall, and there is no reason to think they will not continue. Alan Cathcart, Lord Greenock, eldest son of the Earl of Cathcart, 94. At least three types of early earldoms can be distinguished - (1) earls palatine (e.g. Note that it does not include extant earldoms which have become merged (either through marriage or elevation) with marquessates or dukedoms and are today only seen as subsidiary titles. Robert Needham, Viscount Newry and Mourne, eldest son of the Earl of Kilmorey (Peerage of Ireland), 100. Benjamin Bathurst, Lord Apsley, eldest son of the Earl Bathurst, 54. 7. Note that it does not include extant earldoms which have become merged (either through marriage or elevation) with marquessates or dukedoms and are today only seen as subsidiary titles. . William Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, eldest son of the Earl of Portland, 12. To kick off HuffPost's Epic Sandwich Month, we interviewed Montagu, who answers to the formal address of no joke . Did England kick him off the island? [2][3] This decree accorded precedence to any peer related by blood to the sovereign above all others of the same degree within the peerage. Shane Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn, eldest son of the Earl of Roden, 70. Burlington, Earl of (UK, 1831) - the earldom has been held by the Dukes of Devonshire since 1858, when the 2nd Earl of Burlington succeeded his cousin as 7th Duke of Devonshire Cairns, Earl (UK, 1878) Cathcart, Earl (UK, 1814) Cawdor, Earl (UK, 1827) Chichester, Earl of (UK, 1801) Clarence, Earl of (UK, 1881 - deprived 1919) - see Duke of Albany Alexander Bridgeman, Viscount Newport, eldest son of the Earl of Bradford, 96. Introduction of dukedoms into England Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). As the eldest son of the Sovereign, the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay ranks higher in precedence than he would by virtue of the seniority of his dukedoms alone. Earl, the oldest title of the peerage, dates from Anglo-Saxon times. Arthur Guinness, Viscount Elveden, eldest son of the Earl of Iveagh, 126. Photo: 11th Duke of Devonshire by Allan Warren, own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 Dukes are the highest-ranking tier of the British aristocracy - a select elite within an elite, ranking above Marquesses, Earls, Barons and Viscounts, whose lands and titles derive from centuries of Royal patronage. On 29 September 1397, in an unprecedented move, six dukedoms were created on a single day. The royal dukes are dukes of the United Kingdom, but rank higher in the order of precedence than the age of their titles warrants, due to their close relationship to the monarch. The last British dukedom to become extinct was the title of Duke of Portland in 1990.[1]. Mark Asquith, Viscount Asquith, eldest son of the Earl of Oxford and Asquith, 127. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. With the exceptions of the dukedoms of Cornwall and Rothesay (which can only be held by the eldest son of the Sovereign), royal dukedoms are hereditary, according to the terms of the letters patent that created them, which usually contain the standard remainder to the "heirs male of his body". Charles Bingham, Lord Bingham, eldest son of the Earl of Lucan, 77. Adam Knox, Viscount Northland, eldest son of the Earl of Ranfurly (Peerage of Ireland), 102. Thomas Curzon, Viscount Curzon, eldest son of the Earl Howe, 98. Charles Pepys, Viscount Crowhurst, eldest son of the Earl of Cottenham, 112. The Act provides that a successor of a person thus deprived of a peerage can petition the Crown for revival of the title. Today, there are no new hereditary peerages being created, with one exception: those the monarch creates for members of the royal family. But any "open" dukedom must have a clean past to be considered. Debretts peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage: with Her Majestys Royal Warrant Holders. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey: KellysDirectories Ltd. When chivalry declined in importance, the constable's post declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy and heraldry. John Maitland, Viscount Maitland, eldest son of the Earl of Lauderdale, 24. Henry Bertie, Lord Norreys, eldest son of the Earl of Lindsey and Abingdon, 8. Richard Charteris, Lord Elcho, eldest son of the Earl of Wemyss and March, 28. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. At present there are 24 dukes (not including royal dukes). To conclude: England's Marquesses own only a tenth as much land as the highest tier of aristocracy, the Dukes - though to be fair, much of the 1 million acres of land owned by the Dukes is to be found in Scotland as well as England. At coronations, apart from the differentiation of princely coronets from ducal coronets, a royal duke is also entitled to six rows of ermine spots on his mantle, as opposed to the four rows borne by an "ordinary" duke. Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley, eldest son of the Earl of Derby, 3. Louis Spencer, Viscount Althorp, eldest son of the Earl Spencer, 53. current earls and dukes of england. The holding of the Earl Marshalship secures the Duke of Norfolk's traditional position as the "first peer" of the land, above all other dukes. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror divided the land into manors which he . (However Clarence has since been used as half of a double title, most recently until 1892 when Victoria's grandson (and son of the Prince of Wales), the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, died at the age of 28). Buckingham Palace announced that the Earl of Wessex will be granted the dukedom of Edinburgh when the title reverts to The Crown (the title will only revert to The Crown on both the death of the current Duke of Edinburgh, and the succession of the Prince of Wales to the throne). Harry Hay, Lord Hay, eldest son of the Earl of Erroll, 16. Lowther Castle. Nicholas Knatchbull, Lord Brabourne, eldest son of the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 133. The Norman conquest of England introduced the continental Frankish title of "count" (comes) into England, which soon became identified with the previous titles of Danish "jarl" and Anglo-Saxon "earl" in England. Dukes and duchesses are addressed with their actual title, but all other ranks of the peerage have the appellation Lord or Lady. The premier duke of Ireland is the Duke of Leinster.[2]. Now it ranks among the highest among all nobility. Alexander Grey, Viscount Howick, eldest son of the Earl Grey, 90. John Douglas, Lord Aberdour, eldest son of the Earl of Morton, 17. His relation towards his'domestics is peculiar. 11. At the moment there are 191 earls, so you've got a chance of meeting one in the wild. William Shirley, Viscount Tamworth, eldest son of the Earl Ferrers, 42. The last British dukedom to become extinct was the title of Duke of Portland in 1990.[1]. Out of the 74 times, 37 titles are now extinct (including the two women's), 16 titles were forfeit or surrendered, 10 were merged with the Crown, and 11 are extant (see list below). John Meade, Lord Gillford, eldest son of the Earl of Clanwilliam, 71. The Earl of Sandwich sounds like a mythical figure from British folklore, but he is, in fact, a very real person. In the British peerage, a royal duke is a member of the British royal family, entitled to the titular dignity of prince and the style of His Royal Highness, who holds a dukedom. The physical coronet is worn only at coronations. Aristocrats are some of the richest people in Britain and at the top of the list for those types of people is 28-year-old Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke of Westminster, according the Sunday Times. Abingdon, Earl of (E, 1682) - the earldom has been held by the Earls of Lindsey since 1938, when the 8th Earl of Abingdon inherited the more senior Earldom of Lindsey. Hugh Cairns, Viscount Garmoyle, eldest son of the Earl Cairns, 117. The wife of Lord X Smith is called Lady X Smith, as in the case of Lady Andrew Cavendish. Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, eldest son of the Earl of Hardwick, 49. The situation is similar in the Channel Islands, where the monarch is addressed as Duke of Normandy, but only in accordance with tradition. We encourage you to research and . His work has a particular focus on the development of The Duke of Edinburgh's . The current earl marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, who inherited the position in June 2002. In the 13th century, barons were important landholders whom the monarch occasionally summoned to attend the Counsel or Parliament. The Duke of Cornwall holds precedence above all dukes, royal and non-royal, and is the Duke of Rothesay, and of Cambridge. Felix Pery, Viscount Glentworth, eldest son of the Earl of Limerick, 85. The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess suo jure; her husband, however, does not receive any title. It seems likely that the 'lower orders' of the peerage have fared less well than the Dukes in keeping their estates intact since the heyday of the . For a more complete historical listing, including extinct, dormant, abeyant, forfeit dukedoms in addition to these extant ones, see List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland. Many royal fans are now asking whether Charles will officially change Harry . Simon Ramsay, Lord Ramsay, eldest son of the Earl of Dalhousie, 29. The older your peerage, the more status within your rank. Simon Fox-Strangways, Lord Stavordale, eldest son of the Earl of Ilchester, 50. In the general order of precedence, the Earl Marshal is currently the highest hereditary position in the United Kingdom outside the Royal Family. ); the earl's daughters are Ladies. The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 [lower-alpha 1] for Charles Lennox, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and a Breton noblewoman, Louise de Penancot de Krouaille . As a result of the decline of chivalry and sociocultural change, the position of earl marshal has evolved and among his responsibilities today is the organisation of major ceremonial state occasions such as the monarch's coronation in Westminster Abbey and state funerals. The Duke of York and the Duke of Sussex bear by letters patent the coronet of a child of the sovereign (four crosses pates alternating with four fleurs-de-lis), while the Duke of Cornwall, Rothesay and Cambridge has use of the Prince of Wales' coronet, and the current dukes of Gloucester and of Kent, as grandsons of a sovereign bear the corresponding coronet of a royal duke. Perhaps the hardest start anyone can subject themselves to in Crusader Kings 3 is starting out as the Duke of Rashka. Three times a woman was created a duchess in her own right; Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, chief mistress of Charles II of England, Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wife of Charles II's eldest illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, and Cecilia Underwood, Duchess of Inverness, wife of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, whose marriage was in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772 and therefore she was not allowed to share her husband's rank. Jamie St Clair-Erskine, Lord Loughborough, eldest son of the Earl of Rosslyn, 82. The Duke of Ireland was a title used for only two years and is somewhat confusing since only a small portion of Ireland was really under the control of England in 1386; it is not to be confused with the dukedoms of the Peerage of Ireland. The general order of precedence among dukes is: Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. Supposedly, Edward is holding out for the title Duke of Edinburgh, currently held by his father, Prince Philip, in order to carry on his work after Philip dies. William Hay, Viscount Dupplin, eldest son of the Earl of Kinnoull, 26. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland . James Moreton, Lord Moreton, eldest son of the Earl of Ducie, 107. The Earl Marshal is considered the eighth of the Great Officers of State, with the Lord High Constable above him and only the Lord High Admiral beneath him. Women are not eligible to succeed to most hereditary peerages. List of family seats of Scottish nobility, "Roper, M. (2015). PA Net worth: 580 million Age: 76 Francis Ronald Egerton is the 7th Duke of Sutherland and most of his wealth comes from his art collection and owning 12,000 acres in the Scottish Borders and East Anglia. [1] The titles can be inherited but cease to be called "royal" once they pass beyond the grandsons of a monarch. Marquess or Marchioness - The Marquesses rank next to the dukes. Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, eldest son of the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian, 40. James Chetwynd-Talbot, Viscount Ingestre, eldest son of the Earl of Shrewsbury and Waterford, 2. In addition, the Dukedom of Marlborough was once inherited by a woman, the 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, through a special remainder, as happened to the Dukedom of Hamilton when it was inherited by Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton and also the royal Dukedom of Fife, which was created for the Earl Fife by Queen Victoria, on the occasion of his marriage to Louise, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of the future King Edward VII. Arundel, Earl of (E, c.1139) - the earldom has been held by the Dukes of Norfolk since 1660, when the 23rd Earl of Arundel was restored as 5th Duke of . Robert Rous, Viscount Dunwich, eldest son of the Earl of Stradbroke, 99. Frederick North, Lord North, eldest son of the Earl of Guilford, 48. 144963533527 The younger sons of an earl are The Honourable (Hon. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley, eldest son of the Earl of Shaftesbury, 11. Oliver Wallop, Viscount Lymington, eldest son of the Earl of Portsmouth, 46. Edward Pakenham, Lord Silchester, eldest son of the Earl of Longford, 73. During more recent times, with the number of eligible peers (mostly life peers created by whichever government is in power) ranging from 650 to more than 800, there have been multiple movements to limit the size of this chamber, without much success. [citation needed]. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results Harvey EARL Duke (1893 - 1969) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days. But there are plenty of nonroyal dukes as well; in 2020, there were 24. Non-royal dukedom created in 1660 (extinct 1688); Separate Dukedom of Gloucester is extant. The Dukedom of Abercorn was created after the. As a symbol of his office, he carries a baton of gold with black finish at either end. Harry and Meghan, who now live full-time in California, have been asked to . In a break with tradition, Elizabeth's third son, Prince Edward, became Earl of Wessex on his wedding day in 1999. The highest grade is duke/duchess, followed by marquess/marchioness, earl/countess, viscount/viscountess and baron/baroness. About 90 percent of those sitting in the House of Lords in 2020 are life peers. "What's the Difference Between a Duke and an Earl?" Lady Amelia Windsor. Montague-Smith, P. W. (2015). Here are the basics about the five peerage ranks, in order of rank. Alexander Patrick Stewart, Lord Darlies, eldest son of the Earl of Galloway, 23. William Lloyd George, Viscount Gwynedd, eldest son of the Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, 132. John Lowry-Corry, Viscount Corry, eldest son of the Earl Belmore, 78. Arthur Agar, Viscount Somerton, eldest son of the Earl of Normanton (Peerage of Ireland), 89. This is a list of the 31 present and extant dukes in the peerages of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 and after. The following is a list of dukedoms previously created for members of the royal family, but which have subsequently merged in the crown, become extinct or have otherwise ceased to be royal dukedoms. A royal duke is a duke who is a member of the British royal family, entitled to the style of "His Royal Highness". Barons, viscounts, earls, marquesses and most dukes might have some hereditary connection with the current royal family in that almost everyone in the UK seems to have some relationship to on or more of the early Edwards, but only royal dukes are royalty; the rest are members of the nobility. As with any peerage, once the title becomes extinct, it may subsequently be recreated by the reigning monarch at any time. The office of royal marshal existed in much of Europe, involving managing horses and protecting the monarch. John Gathorne-Hardy, Lord Medway, eldest son of the Earl of Cranbrook, 121. None of these titles is extant. The Dukedoms of Gloucester and Kent will cease to be Royal Dukedoms upon the accessions of The Heir Apparents. David Marsham, Viscount Marsham, eldest son of the Earl of Romney, 83. The younger sons and the daughters of a duke or marquess are, by courtesy, termed Lord X or Lady Y Smith. James Wood, Lord Irwin, eldest son of the Earl of Halifax, 130. Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family.This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby. Thus peers of the blood royal who are neither sons nor grandsons of a sovereign are no longer accorded precedence above other peers. She is the youngest of the three children of the Earl and Countess of St. Andrews. Until the reign of Edward III in the 14th century, the peerage of England consisted exclusively of earls and barons. Edward Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham, eldest son of the Earl of Effingham, 106. While in the Channel Islands, the monarch is The Duke of Normandy. The titles of Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester have both become extinct more than once and been re-created as titles within the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Earl of Richmond (1136) Earl of Cornwall (1140) Hugh de Beaumont. Many dukedoms are unavailable if the current dukes are still living, for one.