Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient - Solano County, California, February 2020. Headquarters. 2013;163(3):303314. to the emergency department. Station 25, 8639 Fallbrook, went into service at 06:00 this morning greatly enhancing service to the southern area of our district. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) built its curriculum around the recommendation to start resuscitation with a two-liter bolus of crystalloids.1 However, many of these protocols werent founded upon evidence-based medicine. Cypress Creek EMS Reviews Updated Oct 12, 2022 Find Reviews Clear All Full-time, Part-time English Filter Found 21 of over 21 Sort Popular Popular COVID-19 Related Highest Rating Lowest Rating Most Recent Oldest First 3.9 69 % Recommend to a Friend 38 % Approve of CEO Bradley J. England 13 Ratings 2012;73(2 Suppl 1):S49S53. Select the option or tab named Internet Options (Internet Explorer), Options (Firefox), Preferences (Safari) or Settings (Chrome). 19. HOUSTON On August 24, 2017 at approximately 7:30 pm Cypress Creek EMS became one of only two ground EMS systems in the country to carry Whole Blood in the field 24/7/365. This has been shown to be very effective, but it takes a trained responder 815 minutes to collect a single unit. Further data is necessary over Routinely, any patient requiring paramedic-level care is transferred to an advanced life support (ALS) EMS agency at the scene. While it might not have been the celebratory confines of a hospital room with excited relatives, it was the safest possible situation for all involved. The effects of prehospital plasma on patients with injury: A prehospital plasma resuscitation. Based on their results we follow-up with them. Cypress Creek Fire Department is the operating name for Harris County Emergency Services District 13, a political division of the State of Texas. Grant assistance for ZOLL Ventilation products at no cost, Wren Nealy Jr., Cypress Creek EMS chief operating officer, relates how BWCs have contributed to personnel safety, QA/QI. Component therapy using a 1:1:1 ratio has several other disadvantages compared to whole blood. Topics covered include: Whats changed with COVID-19, including the new UK and South African virus variants. It contains all the components of blood that youd find in healthy blood (i.e., red cells, plasma, clotting factors and platelets)because it is normal, healthy blood. patient transports to the emergency department without increasing adverse patient Tactical combat casualty care in special operations. Treating coagulopathy in trauma patients. "Then, using the Axon View application on their smart device, they enter the EMS incident number and categorize the video," he said. may choose to implement medical amnesty policies to encourage students calling EMS Copyright 2023 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Hewitt: The ambulances are left running all the time and so is the air conditioning. This results in a series of blood products with a very low likelihood of causing transfusion reactions. alcohol-related patient transport data from the prior academic year the George Washington University (GW) Foggy Bottom and Mount Vernon campuses Once theyve been prepared, red blood cells (RBCs) have a shelf life of 42 days. The patient must then acknowledge these risks verbally back to the "They were the first in the country to have whole blood on a . Harris County ESD 11 serves the northern portion of Harris Countyan area roughly 25 miles north of the City of Houston with a population of over 700,000 people. Second, whole blood administration is easier than the administration of components. "Capturing the line of sight of the paramedic is important to show what the paramedic is seeing. During the Holcomb JB, Swartz MD, DeSantis SM, et al. population while limiting overburdening the healthcare system. The median age was 19 years in both cohorts. They can even interact with the provider or patient through the device.". Factors associated with transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome among health-care workers in Singapore. Despite On HoustonChronicle.com: First trial of a coronavirus vaccine under way in Houston. 52.) in order to maximize the appropriateness of transport. In order to refuse care, patients who admit to alcohol use must meet the following criteria: have legal competency to refuse; demonstrate orientation to person, place, time and event; walk with a steady gait; disclose the time of their last alcohol consumption; understand the risks of refusal; and agree to discontinue any alcohol or drug use for the evening (Figure 1). Kaczynski J, Wilczynska M, Hilton J, et al. The Cypress Creek Communications Center (Comm Center) is a 9-1-1 and dispatch facility for 17 emergency agencies including 12 fire departments, the Harris County Fire Marshals Office, and the Harris County Hazardous Materials Team. abdominal pain after initially refusing care and transport. While you may find opinions and statements elsewhere online, sensationalism and propaganda is widespread. Though relatively rare, university Has there been any kind of protocol or policy changes with the staff because of the coronavirus? Cypress Creek is the 9-1-1 emergency medical provider for a portion of Harris County just north of Houston, Texas that is larger in population and land mass than the city limits of Atlanta, Georgia. "If I had to do it over, I would seek participation from each facility and offer informational training to their staff.". by concerns from university students, EMeRG medics, and GWU Hospital ED Fisher AD, Miles EA, Cap AP, et al. The product is harmless to humans, is food safe, and lasts for up to 10 days. Do you require them to change into their clothes at work and shed them the same way before they leave? J Stud Alcohol.2004;65(2):179-183. All ambulances in use by CCEMS are Mobile Intensive Care Units (MICU), with at least one Paramedic, making all ambulances ALS units. All lead paramedics and supervisors wear the same Axon Flex 2 camera. Whole blood is collected from donors and stored in a refrigerator as-is. And thats only part of how the medical world has changed for first responders who must answer an increasing volume of calls in a virus-laden pandemic that is so easily spread. The facilities are available for them to shower here if they want to keep themselves and their family safe. These would be managed through the QI process.". This website and the information contained herein should not be relied upon or used as information for the purposes of securities disclosure about the district or its financial conditions. They provide 24-hour coverage of both Academic Emergency Medicine.n/a(n/a). Butler FK, Haymann J, Butler EG. Having providers review their own video helps them identify the "triggers" that can often preempt an attack. Prior to deployment, Cypress Creek EMS was not tracking attacks on providers as a data point. 11. Uhl: Our education facility and admin center which are normally open to the public are closed now. When multiple changes are made, implementing those can prove to be nearly impossible. level-one trauma center and urban academic hospital located on the Foggy Bottom Theyre not fond of it but they understand the need for it. The rest are spread between groups B and AB. Bolton-Maggs PH, Cohen H. Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) haemovigilance and progress is improving transfusion safety. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010717Teleman, M. D., Boudville, I. C., Heng, B. H., Zhu, D., & Leo, Y. S. (2004). 10. Cypress Creek Emergency Medical Services (CCEMS) is a former emergency medical service provider in North Harris County, within greater Houston, Texas.Cypress Creek EMS was brought by Viking Enterprises, DBA City Ambulance Service in late 2022. Most of the feedback, he said, is now positive. Shock. Seven years later, Cypress Creek EMS, which services the largest EMS Emergency Services District in Harris County, Texas, became the first EMS provider in the United States to roll out. hbbd```b``"H="m@$J!X, H2jj~H`C)$}``bdH 9
When things reopened, we went from a historic low down 263 from the same time last year to a historic high in July up 699 calls over last year. About 40% of the U.S. population has group O blood, with another 40% having group A. However, Knight et al. "Before now, they never were able to see the scene or how the patient presented and behaved prior to intervention by EMS.". >>Hemoglobin < 6.0 mmol/L (if available). JAMA. Her initial set of vitals are as follows: >>Respiratory rate (RR): 28 breaths per minute. to the new protocol, 92% of patients admitting to alcohol use required transportation Pretrauma center red blood cell transfusion is associated with reduced mortality and coagulopathy in severely injured patients with blunt trauma. Dunbar NM, Yazer MH, Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion(BEST) Collaborative and the STAT Study Investigators. Uhl: We run 19 full-time ambulances and just added three in the last four months. Platelets are normally kept at room temperature for only five days and must be constantly agitated, but they can also be stored frozen.22. "The Evidence.com system is the online system for managing digital evidence of all types," he said. The cold-stored LTOWB product is an FDA licensed product, with an IgM anti-A and anti-B titer of < 150. The military has had great success using titers < 256, but to be FDA-approved in the U.S., EMS agencies must use a titer of < 150. CYPRESS CREEK - A beleaguered ambulance service that serves about 600,000 people in north Harris County appears to be on life support after reaching an agreement with Emergency Services. The hazards of dilutional coagulopathy and acidosis are well documented.15-18. Shackelford SA, Del Junco DJ, Powell-Dunford N, et al. encounters and designed to identify those patients who require medical treatment Transfus Med Rev. two primary outcomes: 1) affirmative decision to transport to the ED, and 2) Documented In 2011, an international group of physicians, blood bankers and researchers formed the Trauma Hemostasis and Oxygenation Research (THOR) Network and held the first Remote Damage Control Resuscitation (RCDR) Symposium in Norway.12, This group advocated for the use of whole blood with one of the co-founders, Geir Strandenes, developing a low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) program for Norwegian Naval Special Operation Commando.13 This information was used by the U.S. Armys 75th Ranger Regiment, in conjunction with the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research and Armed Services Blood Program (ASBP), to develop the first LTOWB program that screened donors before deployment for use at the POI.14. Rehn M, Weaver AE, Eshelby S, et al. The Solstrand remote damage control resuscitation symposium. 23. She died the next day. Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, Nev. Care Flight plane crash victims identified by families hosting fundraisers, Watching 'Cocaine Bear'? District Chief Corthell, the Program Director, has worked alongside Program Assistant Director and Safety Officer, Liz Fletcher, in conjunction with Valentina Bilingual Support Services and Shield Bearers Counseling Centers to cultivate this new outlet for counseling and mental health support within the fire department. BMC Proceedings.Heinzerling, A., Stuckey, M. J., Scheuer, T., Xu, K., Perkins, K. M., Resseger, H., Magill, S., Verani, J. R., Jain, S., Acosta, M., & Epson, E. (2020). "We found that POV placement worked better than on the center of the chest," he said. Alcohol 2023 Cypress Creek Fire Department | Harris County ESD 13Legal Notices & Disclaimers. Transfus Med. 1. for alcohol intoxication in an emergency department versus those who may safely Cypress Creek Fire Department provides fire suppression & rescue first response services to our 33 square mile district and to the greater FM1960 area in conjunction with our automatic aid departments. Our goal is to help improve all EMS protocols to the current state of the science using evidence-based medicine. MMWR. represents a public health problem off campus as well: in the United States, Blood Rev. adverse events defined as, death, brain injury, trauma related to intoxication, 48 (HCESD 48) Fire Department and Cypress Creek EMS (CCEMS) in Houston, Texas, began carrying cold-stored LTOWB for hemostatic . Collegiate EMS agencies need to address the risks of intoxicated patients given increased binge drinking on college campuses and additional outside agency pressures, such as university policies and campus police. All rights reserved. ESD 11 covers 177 square miles and responds to more than 65,000 emergencies annually. The average ages were similar: 21 years during the pre-protocol academic year and 23 years during the post-protocol academic year. providers must carefully balance patient safety risks against high patient volumes "Attitude begets attitude and force begets force. In late August 2017, Harris County Emergency Services District No. "Training was four hours and, with each additional deployment, we have added additional training.". Long term effects of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to Enjoy the format and find the information useful. 2015;261(5):9971005. intoxicated driving substantially less than other campuses. "It maintains the user profiles and authorizations, video retention categories and policies, audit logs, security features that exceed HIPAA and the highest government ratings, a YouTube-style view, and tools to set markers and create clips for viewing important parts of the video. Seven years later, Cypress Creek EMS, which services the largest EMS Emergency Services District in Harris County, Texas, became the first EMS provider in the United States to roll out Axon's Flex 2 body cameras and digital data management solution. I couldn't find anything on their website. The camera, Nealy said, is designed to be worn in a point-of-view manner, attached to Oakley protective eyewear. Cantle PM, Cotton BA. PA EMT Said COVID Patient Didnt Need to Go to the Hospital. He is a member of the Texas Press Association and has won numerous state awards. The district shall not be liable for any errors, inaccuracies, omissions or untimeliness of information contained in this website. Hingson R, Zha W, Smyth D. Magnitude and Trends in Heavy Episodic Drinking, Alcohol-Impaired Driving, and Alcohol-Related Mortality and Overdose Hospitalizations Among Emerging Adults of College Ages 18-24 in the United States, 1998-2014. Get the inside scoop on jobs, salaries, top office locations, and CEO insights. "The only reason the video could be used against a provider is for an illegal, immoral or unethical act," he said. Copyright 2023 Freestanding EDWhat they areWhat they haveWhat kinds of patients should go thereWhat kinds of patients should not. . potential symptoms and complications that can arise such as abdominal pain, unintentional injuries related to alcohol.5 In a study of Mullins PM, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Pines JM. Safety of the use of group A plasma in trauma: The STAT study. CCEMS is one of the most reliable EMS services in Houston, having a response time of about eight minutes. Lancet. The provider is required to review the video and complete a simple online form," Nealy said. Cypress Creek EMS insights Based on 15 survey responses What people like Time and location flexibility Ability to learn new things Inclusive work environment Areas for improvement Overall satisfaction Sense of belonging Support from manager Great company with a lot of room for advancement Eventually, volunteers were able to secure more than $110,000 from roughly 5,000 contributors, and on Dec. 14, 1975, the first ambulance bearing the name Cypress Creek EMS was put into. The administration of whole blood is the simplest way to deliver the functionality of lost blood back to the patient. College student drinking and ambulance utilization. An update on the coagulopathy of trauma. Emergency transfusion of patients with unknown blood type with blood group O Rhesus D positive red blood cell concentrates: a prospective, single-centre, observational study. Prehosp Emerg Care.2019:1-11. ", $2.5 million in funding that was withheld. Tensions between Cypress Creek EMS and Harris County Emergency Service District No. J Public Health Manag Pract.2009;15(6):524-528. not approve, the patient must be transported to the hospital per standing Hingson R, Heeren T, Winter M, Wechsler H. Magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18-24: changes from 1998 to 2001. Co-founder and program director for EMS education non-profit startup Cypress Creek EMS 10 years 9 months Clinical Director Jul 2019 - Dec 20223 years 6 months Spring, TX I am responsible. These cameras integrate with the Flex 2 camera," Nealy explained. This may be called Tools or use an icon like the cog. The video is stored on the camera.". Copyright 2023 EMS1. Multiple studies have reported that She recently underwent a caesarean-section delivery of her second child. 13. Paramedic continuing education classes are offered at the facility regularly to hone the skills of responding personnel to 9-1-1 calls. The patient, who seems confused, is restrained. What kind of protocols are in place to make sure the ambulances are clean from COVID-19? Redaction tools remove audio and video from copies, leaving the original video unaltered. Academic Emergency Medicine.2000;7(6):663-669. must respect patient wishes even if they contradict medical advice. were noted during the first year of use of the new refusal policy guidelines. There are three reasons why whole blood is ideal for prehospital use. demonstrated that prehospital providers and physicians have low interrater The apneic period can be deadly in certain patients. 9. At the time, TASER International, which is now Axon, provided the Flex body camera to all instructors to demo in their courses. The body camera program at Cypress Creek EMS has accelerated the agency's clinical improvement process at both the individual and agency level. Noorman F, van Dongen TT, Plat MJ, et al. Is it the vocal cords during an intubation or the ultrasound monitor while performing a FAST exam? NWA Metropolitan Fire Chiefs' Association, Santa Rosa Junior College Paramedic Academy, Platteville-Gilcrest Fire Protection District, Sponsor Hospital Council of Greater Bridgeport, Space Coast Regional EMS-Doctor Williams Agencies, Area Ambulance Service / Cedar Rapids EMS, Baystate Medical Center Critical Care Transport, Cottonwood Ambulance Service/Granite Falls Ambulance, MJM Medical Direction Consortium Services, Emergency Medicine Associates of San Juan County, Rural Cass County Ambulance and Rescue Association, Lane County Sheriffs Ground Search And Rescue, Travis County Emergency Service District 5 - Manchaca Fire Dept, South Area Fire & Emergency Response District, Space Coast Regional EMS-Doctor McPherson Agencies, Illinois Region 9: Northwest Community EMS, NASEMSO National Model EMS Clinical Guidelines. Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: A multicentre investigation in Toronto, Canada. 6. Chapman MP, Moore EE, Chin TL, et al. The first option is to draw a unit of FWB from a prescreened low titer donor at the POI. the rate of increase in overall ED visits.7 Binge drinking Reviews from Cypress Creek EMS employees about Cypress Creek EMS culture, salaries, benefits, work-life balance, management, job security, and more. (Oct. 24, 2012.) Following the conclusion of the 2018-2019 academic in the study if at least one of the patient complaints or findings included a This 7. unique in its geographical setting. time periods. The National Academies Press: Washington, D.C., 2016. Harris County ESD #13, Cypress Creek Fire Department, would like to congratulate Assistant Fire Chief Jason Blackman on his recent appointment to the Committee on Respiratory Protection Equipment, a sub-committee of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The U.S. military has successfully transfused over 10,000 units of whole blood across the world.20 The body of evidence will grow as more civilian agencies initiate their own whole blood programs. obvious medical benefit and possible adverse outcomes, a patient may want to ultrasound monitor while performing a FAST exam, "triggers" that can often preempt an attack, Verbal de-escalation: A magic phrase to stop patient conflicts, Quality assurance/quality improvement review, Open the tools menu in your browser. CCEMS is contracting with Enviro-Master Services of Houston to spray all ambulances and facilities every seven days with a hospital-grade germicide which is EPA-registered to kill coronaviruses as well as bacteria. However, Nealy said they overcame this by keeping their word on not allowing the video to be used for discipline. Uncover why Cypress Creek EMS is the best company for you. All Rights Reserved. aware. Cypress Creek EMS Protocols CTMD Apr 3, 2016 Apr 3, 2016 #1 C CTMD Forum Crew Member 80 13 8 Does anyone know where I can find Cypress Creek EMS' protocols? EMeRG is a student-based volunteer EMS organization comprised of 57 licensed Armand R, Hess JR. patients intoxicated with alcohol who were evaluated by the George Washington "We've known for years that video works great in training and having a small, point-of-view device with the security offered by TASER seemed to be the perfect system for EMS," he said. Last Thursday morning, two babies opened their eyes for the first time out of the womb to paramedics from the Cypress Creek Emergency Medical Services completely donned in full N95 masks, goggles, and gloves. Increasing numbers of EMS agencies are developing the capability to administer blood products to patients in need. Each provider went through classroom training on policy and legal aspects, including: "Everyone learned how to use the camera equipment, applications to manage devices and data, and the evidence management system," Nealy said. Nonetheless, Nealy said the body cameras were initially met with apprehension. Similarly, Contact. address the risks of morbidity and mortality related to alcohol use in this As a result, some universities have developed strict alcohol policies in an Everybody has their own routine. The red cells are washed to remove remaining plasma proteins and an anticoagulant is added to the storage bag. "We have documented a 50% reduction in field training time for clinical credentialing," Nealy said. They can be used all the time while U/V light is unsafe for human beings. In this fictional scenario, an escalation to a potential attack was avoided once the patient realized he was being recorded. 4. Prompted "Some have learned how to use it as a tool to help accurately recall the sequence of events during patient care, making it easier to write a thorough patient care report.". Prehosp Emerg Care.2010;14(4):485-490. Optimal fluid therapy for traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Since the late 1970s, prehospital trauma resuscitation has relied on administration of crystalloid solutions such as 0.9% sodium chloride or normal saline, lactated Ringers, and colloids like hydroxyethyl starch (HES). adverse outcomes after prehospital refusal of care.12 In addition, Are your facilities completely closed to the public now? ESD 11 covers 177 square miles and responds to more than 65,000 emergencies annually. interacts with each other and researches product purchases The second option involves collecting whole blood from low titer donors the day before a mission, keeping it stored at 33.842.8 degrees F, then carrying it on the mission in an approved container. 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This was a retrospective observational chart review of 13. Do Not Sell My Personal Information. emergency care while also contributing to campus safety and emergency response. finds relevant news, identifies important training information, Aerosol generating procedures (AGP) and risk of transmission of acute respiratory diseases (ARD): A systematic review. Tension has risen between the two entities since June 2020, when ESD 11 commissioners initially voiced concern over extending the district's contract with CCEMS that provides emergency medical. If they have any signs or symptoms, we get them tested. emergency department (ED) care.3 A 2019 study of over two million 17. OConnor L, Porter L, Dugas J, et al. Dubois: Every shift when they come on will clean the ambulance from top to bottom with a solution that will clean all germs. "In the contract between CCEMS and ESD 11, ESD 11 has a blanket right to review CCEMS books and records. 2006;60(6 Suppl):S59S69. 48 (HCESD 48) Fire Department and Cypress Creek EMS (CCEMS) in Houston, Texas, began carrying cold-stored LTOWB for hemostatic resuscitation. Table courtesy Col. Andrew P. Cap, MD, PhD/United States Army Institute of Surgical Research. Crit Care Clin. 2015;180(8):869875. You must enable JavaScript in your browser to view and post comments. "From reviewing videos in the QA/QI process, I viewed incidents where the camera deterred what was escalating toward an attack once the paramedic pointed out the camera was recording," Nealy said. intoxication who encounter GW police. Harris County ESD 11 operates a fleet of 40 advanced life support ambulances licensed by the state of Texas. The plasma can be further prepared into cryoprecipitate. Whether its in the field or in the office, everyone is required to wear a mask. Repine TB, Perkins JG, Kauvar DS, et al. Head off stretcher works for some, but may actually make things worse as the angle of oropharynx to glottis becomes more steep (glottis more anterior). In an effort to reduce overburdening of an already stressed ED, EMS In a letter addressed to internal Cypress Creek Fire Department staff, District Chief Corthell outlines the newest feature in the Mental Health & Wellness initiative, the Peer Support Program. 25. SARS among Critical Care Nurses, Toronto. Cypress Creek Emergency Medical Services (CCEMS) is an emergency medical service provider in Northwest Harris County in Houston, Texas. college students engage in binge drinking.8, In Instead, they were using video as a quality assurance/quality improvement (QA/QI) tool to review performance on EMS calls. Were in good shape now. 2018-2019 academic year. The donut works, sometimes towels/pillows are needed, but just having a FF lift the head off of the floor will give you a 100% better view. reliability when determining capacity.13 Despite small variations, nearly legal liability on the grounds of forced transportation. EMT said Pa. COVID patient didn't need to go to the hospital. on local EMS and hospital systems.6 According to Mullins et al., "They realize it will not be their word against our providers' and the recording can be used against them for criminal prosecution.". Any risk of COVID aerosolizing or any chance of body fluids require gowns. 2019. Ground CREEK GroundCare 26. Disclaimer:Please read these terms, conditions and disclaimers carefully before using this website. Additionally, being able to review case studies or near-misses is invaluable in correcting behavior. Five years of planning and work finally paid off. All rights reserved. Impact of crystalloids and colloids on coagulation cascade during trauma resuscitation-a literature review. Matt reduction in alcohol intoxication-related patient transports in the first year 4:58 PM Jun 25, 2021 CDT At Cypress Creek EMS, Nealy said their biggest implementation challenge was the staff's fear of "Big Brother" watching them. Although the ROLO program was initially designed to deliver fresh whole blood (FWB), the chaotic nature of combat makes drawing a unit of FWB difficult. Photos courtesy Andrew Fisher. "The administrators and physicians may be in favor of it, but if you don't get the nursing staff on board early, it will be an uphill battle," he said. First, whole blood is superior to crystalloids and colloids. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. CCFD is a combination fire department, which means that we staff both full-time and volunteer personnel around the clock. These materials may not be reproduced, distributed, modified, or reposted to other websites without the express written permission of the district. There were over 100 units transfused, and currently work is underway to obtain patient outcome data for publication. open protocols, and the opportunity to practice your skills in a supportive environment help provide a positive experience within the organization. Sarah Calams, who previously served as associate editor of FireRescue1.com and EMS1.com, is the senior associate editor ofPolice1.com and Corrections1.com. Uhl: We initiated this during the hurricanes, and its called Paramedic Initiated Referral (PIR). J Trauma. to patient transport events that are not medically warranted, and also risk 20. serious outcomes such as death from alcohol intoxication are relatively rare in The list of available protocols is a work in progress. The Ranger Group O Low Titer (ROLO) whole blood program has allowed U.S. Army combat medics to replace the blood lost from combat wounds at the POI. Low titer group O whole blood in emergency situations. Dubois: Weve always worn eye protection but now we wear goggles too. require mandatory ED evaluation of intoxicated persons encountered by first responders COVID-19: Weingart Q & A on Airway, Vents, Tubes, Lungs, ECMO, and CPAP. health.ny.gov/ems . There are a few published studies, with varying outcomes.59 A study of prehospital blood product transfusion in Afghanistan recently presented data that demonstrated a 20-fold survival benefit when blood is given within 34 minutes of injury,10 and recent data from the U.K. suggest prehospital blood may reduce transfusion requirements.9 Although combat data doesnt always correlate with civilian medicine, this data may still present some benefit for EMS.