which of the following is a pathogen quizlet

who should not get vaccinated for meningitis? C Athlete's foot and ringworm These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? Which of the following must a pathogen possess in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease? Try it now. A bacterial infection called lyme disease is spread by what? Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. TCR - it acts as a mutagen and carcinogen Exotoxins are proteins secreted mainly by gram-positive bacteria. D antibodies. Some helminths are so large that the immune system is ineffective against them. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Bloodborne diseases are most commonly spread through mother-to-child transmission, unprotected sex, and:, Which of the following describes proper use of PPE to safeguard against exposure to bloodborne pathogens?, If you are exposed to a bloodborne pathogen while at work, your employer must offer you post-exposure evaluation and . <> True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. __ escribo correos a mi mejor amigo. Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. True b. 1. % Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? Which type of isolation requires the following: keep the patient in a separate room with the door closed; all staff wear protective gowns, masks, and gloves; and . Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? PCR A Cold and flu -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? immediate allergic 30. which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _________, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _______, and the impact of over consumption of food and tobacco _________, advocates of environmental justice seek which of the following, risks related to development spread evenly across all populations, You are working with a chemical, so to educate yourself about the chemical's hazard, you read its material safety data sheet (MSDS) the msds indicates that the LD50 for the chemical is 5 grams per kilogram body weight this LD50 indicates that____, Half of the animals tested died when given that dose of the chemical, Which of the following is a cryonic effect of exposure to a toxin, The process of risk assessment includes all of the following except, Weighing the risk against economic, social, and legal considerations, Although bisphenol (BPA) is found in plastics sold in the United States, the chemical has been banned in many countries because it is, thalidomide was banned because it was determined to be, leaded paint and gasoline are longer available in the US because lead is, which of the following pollutants is/are readily dissolved and transported in water, which of the following organisms runs the highest risk of harm as a result of the biological magnification of pollutants, which of the following diseases is spread via water containing infected human waste, how can a flu virus be more dangerous than the ebola virus, individuals infected with a flu virus tend to travel and spread the disease before they get sick, benefits that we draw from the environment, what disease is expected to become more widespread as a result of global climate change, prevent disease outbreaks and harm from natural disasters, air pollution causes considerable harm to human health, based on your understanding of how air pollution affects people, which of the following examples is most likely to cause harm, a carcinogen is released from gasoline while a car is being filled. active C Viruses "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. 1. C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? An employee who has been exposed to blood or OPIM must be offered a private medical evaluation. False 3. B Chicken Pox A Bacteria 9. 29. they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. Two periods of acute disease are the periods of illness and period of decline. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). The EPS protects the bacteria from the host's immune response. a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. 7. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. 28. Neglect energy transfers with the environment. [8QRP{i?P-%?`ReX}:Tgx *Certain complement proteins involved in the membrane attack complex kill foreign microbes by causing them to burst. Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. False, False Find P(X = k) for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3. Section: 07.05, Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. B fungus. all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? (b) Period of illness = pathogen is multiplying and reaches it maximum BCR Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. Approximately how many people in New Mexico are infected with the HIV and/or AIDS? 21. <>>> Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. Discuss in view of the relativity principle (that there is no best reference frame). Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . i0g:M&$"w I4EBKLVE^Jqrv>A5N\ plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR C Fungi A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. An infection that was not found to be present prior to hospital admission. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to develop an Exposure Plan outlining what steps are to be taken to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Healthcare providers that use the sinks could also pick up the pathogen and transmit the bacterium to patients as well. 11. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? period of decline, during which the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness begin to decline. Automatically remove your image background. Section: 07.02, Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Section: 07.02. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. Signs of a disease are objective and are measured. 4. A __________ cannot live without its host for very long. It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. 7zP$>O Zcm62b* . They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Molecular Kochs postulates are used to determine what genes contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. 31. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. Noise Term Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. C Mumps A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. intact skin Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. C. must list all department personnel by name, A Level UK Politics: Topic 4 - Voting Behavio, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology: Learning Through Practice. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. destroying their nucleic acids. 19. <> D. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? IgA complimentary Which of the following are considered Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? A Mononucleosis possess fimbrae. B Measles IgG Inflammation is a response to infection or injury that helps the body heal. Definition. Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. False, True The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? "Unlike HBV for which a vaccination exists, currently there is no vaccination for HCV". Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. Fungal and parasitic pathogens use pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors that are similar to those of bacterial pathogens. Cilia, fimbriae, and pili are all examples of structures used by microbes for __________. Legal. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. they only act internally. Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? Which of the following is the most likely explanation? False, False (b) liquid partition. 3. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. IgG Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. What is the most common way a nosocomial infection is acquired? -The use of Personal the purpose of a protective environment for highly immunosuppressed patient is prevent transmission of infection to patient, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology: Cha, Radiation Protection Radiation Monitoring, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. have enzymes which react with antigens. endobj Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. neutrophils Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever 35 Questions Show answers Question 1 10 seconds Q. IgD they work very, very quickly. systemic lupus erythematosus Devise an arrangement of mirrors allowing you to see the back of your head. become plasma cells. agglutinating them. 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer School Georgia State University; Course Title MATH 2212; Type. A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________. heat Each line of The tile will have the following form: For example, suppose that the file contains the following lines: The output of the program should have the following appearance: Have the program obtain the file name from the command line. 27. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Apply. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. They are both forms of active immunity. *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. produce antibodies. a. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. The virus infected the gorillas and chimpanzees, but only the chimpanzees got sick since the virus is not a pathogen to gorillas. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! rheumatic fever They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. Uploaded By AndreaM8. You have recently identified a new toxin. Viruses are treated with antibiotics. normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. - produces protease. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. a. 2. Section: 07.03, Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. all of the following are common viginal infections except? It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Pathogens are microorganisms that cure disease. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. You have recently identified a new toxin. IgM Which of the following is an example of a noncommunicable infectious disease? HCG Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? What is the similarity between mitosis and meiosis? *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. 2. Laws against___ have been challenged in court on the grounds that they violate one's constitutional rights. This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Section: 07.02, Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? 25. Modify the Programming Project from earlier chapter so that the program reads a series of items from a file and displays the data in columns. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question Microorganisms that do not cause disease. Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? passive a. macrophages *They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. IgD 12. Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. Section: 07.04, If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? 36. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Which of the following are most likely to be pathogens a Macroparasites b. The hallmark symptoms of meningitis include all of the following except? Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? Protozoal infection may lead to ht edevelopmen t of all the following conditions except? B. Cryptococcus Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. Number if studies suggest that these elevated concentrations can be traced back to emissions from rockets. phagocytosis ______________ include cells from humans, animals, plants, protozoa, fungi, and most algae. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Section: 07.04. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. anaphylactic The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. The electric component of a beam of polarized light is Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]E_y=(5.00V/m)\sin[(1.00 \times 10^6 m^{-1})z + \omega t]Ey=(5.00V/m)sin[(1.00106m1)z+t]. mucous membranes B Virus *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. rheumatoid arthritis Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. ", Organisms or the toxins they produce that can cause disease in people or animals are known as, "Any item that has the potential to pierce, cut, or puncture the skin should be disposed of in a proper puncture proof container immediately after being used.". Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? True or False 3. *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. Does the Earth really go around the Sun? True *The purpose of a vaccination is to prevent an infection by causing active immunity. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. perforin, perforin Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. False, True 15. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. acid pH of stomach *The RhoGAM shot is an example of passive immunity. ____ 1. The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine. If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. pneumonia plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR, antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. All of the following are effective strategies for preventing the common cold, except? Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? She suspects that the bacteriums fimbriae are a virulence factor. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? IgM *The complement proteins "complement" certain other immune responses. 17. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. 1 0 obj What are pathogens? *(c) ion. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? a. thyroid and tonsils C infection. a. Feces and urine c. Amniotic fluid b. Fluid surrounding heart and lungs d. C white blood cells. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. pain It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the what? Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? histamine Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? -Safe injection practices, "The use of ""safer"" medical eqipment such as self-capping needles or self-sheathing scalples would be part of what aspect of an Exposure Plan?". Section: 07.04, Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. OSHA mandates that all employers are required to provide the Hepatits B vaccination to employees free of charge. 34. The bacterium is probably which of the following? 32. A very hot 300 g copper cylinder is dropped into the water, causing the water to boil, with 5.00 g being converted to steam. Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. nonspecific perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? What type of response is this? PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. How long till Hepatitis B shows symptoms? neutrophils and macrophages In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. *True, cytokines are produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cells. *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct.

which of the following is a pathogen quizlet 2023