Passing the test would give employers and colleges some assurance that a certain standard of achievement was met. Type of tort or civil wrong. In 2011, the Pew Center on the States released a report on recidivism. c. What is the socioeconomic status of the players? An ideal type used to capture one side in the debate over the central values or practices of the criminal justice system. Papachristou V. Jacksonville "night walking" 1972, Margaret Papachristou and others (defendants) were arrested and charged with vagrancy. laws are witten by those in power, so are they written for our own good or what satisfies those with power? Try to determine where and by whom these sports tend to be played. Share your results with the class. Sociologists claim the average American watches television seven hours a day, yet some students say they never watch TV. The best known example is the Uniform Crime Reports. Post release- steps of programs and parole, if break lose all privieles and start over. Some cases are dismissed, while others are referred for treatment or counseling. Give one reason why the gap between mens and womens salaries persists. Match the following examples with the major theoretical perspective: functionalism (F), conflict theory (C), symbolic interactionism (SI). punishments and to help individuals readjust to the community, Release- realesed to freedom or program before community. disposition/Sentencing- if guilty then return to court for sentencing. a. Jenny hires a hit man to kill her husband so she can collect on his 13 million insurance policy. What effect, if any, do you think this could have on general attendance? How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault? Conduct research on other major sports football, baseball, hockey, skiing, tennis, and golf. What action can the court take if it believes that a child who has engaged in delinquency does not have good care from his or her parents. Remember to refer to what you learned in discussing this question. Misdemeanors. In this form of theft, an offender takes possessions that do not belong to him the intent of keeping them. an annual survey of a representative sample of Americans asking their experiences as crime victims. A young man plans to murder his wife. This, of course, brings up many problems such as differing interpretations of laws, personal bias, making emotional decisions and the physically weak being vulnerable to the strong. This type of law comes from judicial decisions and requires judges to consider how previous cases dealt with similar issues. Although there is currently a family living in the home, they are away that night and the house is unoccupied. I heard that there were a lot of speed checks on the road, so I won't speed). A defense requiring proof that the defendant would not have committed the crime but for police trickery. This model gives priority to values and practices that protect the rights of the offenders from the coercive power of the state, An ideal type used to capture one side of a debate about the central values or practices of the criminal justice system: should the central value be the protection of the liberty of the individual citizen or should the central value be the maintenance of social order, law enforcement, courts, corrections (interdependent ) work with each other, rights, duties and prohibition administered by the courts, are the rules concerning how these the substantive laws are to be administered , forced, changed and used in the legal system. What did it note about the national recidivism rate? This type of law covers personal wrongs and damage and includes libel, slander, assault, trepass, and negligence. The view that victimization results from the interaction of three everyday factors: - Richard Dugdale's (1877) The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, and Heredity, - Monozygotic (identical) vs Dizygotic (fraternal) Twins, - Best way to separate the inherited traits (nature) from environmental conditions (nurture), (Abnormal cell division (XYY) and (XXY), a rare condition that produces "hyper-masculine" people), Learning occurs by rewarding/punishing behavior (B. F. Skinner), Antecedent Stimulus --> Behavior --> Consequences (reward/punish), A psychological perspective arguing behavior is learned through a modeling process (mimetic or imitative), people learn how to behave by observing others (Albert Bandura), - The inability of a community to realize the common values of its residents and to maintain effective social controls, Social disorganization: Ethnic succession, - Found stable differences in interzone crime rates regardless of ethnicity & racial makeup of the Zone, Social disorganization: Geographic patterns (concentric zones), - Found that most criminal activity occurred in the Zone of Transition (Zone 2), Social disorganization: Characteristics of the zone of transition, - Social and physical disorder in the environment invites more serious crime. The criminal justice system is vast, employing more than 2.4 million people and costing federal, state and local governments about ______ per year. List all the steps of the court processes, corrections- fines, probation, jail etc. He is considered as one of the most influential criminologists of the twentieth century for white collar crime. Is body piercing a fad or a fashion? Some parents are challenging the exam, claiming that students with passing grades could fail to get into a good college if they failed the exam. Which of the following is considered official crime data collected and analyzed by the FBI? What impact do you think this devaluing of muscle strength has on society? the unlawful beating of a person; act of beating or pounding; any large group of related things, generally do NOT involve the use of a weapon, Attack on a person in which the assailant inflicts serious harm or uses a deadly weapon, taking of or attempt to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear, taking of money and or material goods without the use of force and intentional destruction of property, larceny theft, shoplifting, identity theft, plagiarism, the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another, the unlawful entry of a structure with the intent to commit a felony, celebrated cases - fascinate the public interests, serious felonies - such as rape, murder, and manslaughter, less-serious felonies - burglary or larceny. Which of the following crimes is not included in the Uniform Crime Report's list of Part I or index crimes? d. A brother and sister are legally prohibited from marrying e. people tend to marry others of the same age f. Rich people marry other wealthy people. Systems analysis, which has made important contributions in dealing with technological systems, also has an important role to play in dealing with a variety of social system problems that occur within the city. A stop on the street requires fewer facts than an arrest; an arrest requires fewer facts than an indictment; an indictment requires fewer facts than a criminal conviction. Offenders who commit offenses such as aggravated assault and arson would belong in which layer of the wedding cake model of crime? Threatening to harm an individual. Could you propose a compromise solution? The funnel analogy illustrates the relatively low number of offenders who are actually incarcerated. crimes that are considered wrong or evil in and of themselves Ex Terrorism, Crime that is considered wrong because they are prohibited by criminal law Ex Prostitution, Also known as functionalism, the foundation of this perspective is the assumption that societies have an inherent tendency to maintain themselves in a state of relative equilibrium through the mutually adjustive and supportive interaction of their principal, are perspectives in social science which emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which otherwise detract from structural functionalism and ideological conservativism, Describe and identify cases in each of the four layers of the Explain the impact that celebrated cases have on the public's perceptions using specific examples List the factors used by criminal justice officials to informally classify cases into layers Compare and contrast felonies in the second and third layers of the wedding cake model. In the context of criminal law, diversion refers to diverting a defendant out if the criminal justice system by having them complete a diversion program rather than be incarcerated or serve another alternative sentence. What factors might cause a behavior that is not desirable in one generation become acceptable? What is social control? f. Why does it seem that all tennis courts are located in wealthy neighborhoods? Punishment that assumes the general public will not commit a crime because they observe the punishment of others is called if the jury is deadlocked and is unable to reach a unanimous decision, a mistrial is generally declared and a new trial is usually ordered (t/f). There are two ways a defendant can negate mens rea; one is with an insanity defense and the other is. adjudication/Trail- if no PB or prosecution hasn't dropped charges, trail is held infront of jury or judge to determine guilty beyond a reasonable doubt for sentencing. Another way of expressing the funnel effect is to say that there are many more suspects and defendants than inmates. is the killing of a human being in which the offender had no prior intent to kill and acted during "the heat of passion", under circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed, unlawful tacking or riding away of positions Ex Shoplifting, lawyers charge more time than they did/ Doctors charge insurance companies on procedures they didn't do, The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies across the United States who then provide the data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, try to murder or destroy or threat to use violeance, the number of people participating in the crime. Beccaria said __________ was too serve of a punishment. The nature of work has changed so that not as many jobs require stamina or physical strength. How could you account for this fact? are used here, a type of research that relies upon the on-site, in-person observations of criminal justice practice or the behavior of criminals by the research staff; more generally, "field research". a jury, normally of twenty-three jurors, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial. What crime was committed? Celebrated cases, - Widespread media focus (national) which leads public to believe this is the norm for handling cases, Walker's Wedding Cake Mode - 2. Why is the criminal justice system characterized as a funnel? The problem of crime, and especially of the operation of the criminal justice system is one of the most fundamental of these problems, and one which in many respects typifies the operation of a wide class of social systems. In what instances might one approach be preferred? It explains cost, discretion, and errors. encompasses various forms of social attachment theories. Hammurabi created his code of laws, which consists of 282 laws, in the year 1750 BC. surveys that attempt to measure the amount of crime committed and describe the characteristics of offenders by asking people if they have committed offenses, in regard to victim surveys, the possibility that a respondent will erroneously include an earlier event in reporting on criminal victimization during a specific time period. Which form of law originated in England and refers to a body of unwritten legal precedent? the system of police, courts, and prisons set up to deal with people who are accused of having committed a crime. For instance, basketball is an urban game that does not require a lot of money to play. a philosophical approach to culture, and esp. These offenses include drug use, disturbing the peace, drunkenness, prositution, and negligence. The written statement of the essential facts of the offense offense charged against the accused and issued by a grand jury. A key tenet of sociobiology is the concept of territoriality. If police could make arrests ________, crime would decrease. Without the law enforcement branch of the criminal justice system, each person would need to enforce the laws around them. The twin studies that were conducted by Dutch bio criminologists in the 1970s sought to establish a link between crime and what type of factors? C) property taxes. the chronological documentation that shows the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of physical or electronic evidence. EX: speeding in traffic, offenses that are wrong by their very nature, offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves. Less-serious felonies, - Small time felonies committed by youngsters or first timers, Walker's Wedding Cake Mode - 4. Which philosophy of punishment advocates punishing an offender in an attempt to convince him or her to stop committing criminal acts? Which of the following is an example of actus reus? The man steals value and sneaks out the window undecteced. slightly more pessimistic- tends to see the worse aspect of things- and feels that those with power at the present time will tell us how to behave in order to pretect us. The National Crime Victim Survey samples roughly how many households? According to Beccaria, the most important factoring in determining whether punishment is a deterrent to criminal behavior is. Accordingly, religious clergy tend to address their messages to the more traditional segments of society. What type of crimes data is collected by the UCR? Others contend that students who have failed to pass classes could pass the exam and get credit. was an American sociologist. the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes.